HERMENEUTICS: What is the one thing that all of the New Testament epistles have in common?
I'm reading for the second time How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth by Gordon D. Fee & Douglas Stewart. Here's an excellent excerpt concerning the nature of the New Testament epistles:
There is one thing that all of the
epistles have in common, and this is the
crucial thing to note in reading and interpreting them: They are all what are
technically called occasional documents
(i.e., arising out of and intended for a specific occasion), and they are all from the first century. Although inspired by the Holy Spirit and thus
belonging to all time, they were first written out of the context of the author
to the context of the original recipients. It is precisely these factors— that
they are occasional and that they belong to the first century— that make their
interpretation difficult at times.
Above all else, their occasional nature must be taken
seriously. This means that they were occasioned, or called forth, by some
special circumstance, either from the reader’s side or the author’s. Almost all
of the New Testament letters were occasioned from the reader’s side (Philemon
and perhaps James and Romans are exceptions). Usually the occasion was some
kind of behavior that needed correcting, or a doctrinal error that needed
setting right, or a misunderstanding that needed further light.
Most of our problems in
interpreting epistles are due to this fact of their being occasional. We have
the answers, but we
do not always know what the questions or problems were— or even if there was a problem. It is much like listening to one end of a telephone conversation and trying to figure out who is on the other end and what that unseen party is saying. Yet in many cases it is especially important for us to try to hear “the other end” so that we know what our passage is a response to.
do not always know what the questions or problems were— or even if there was a problem. It is much like listening to one end of a telephone conversation and trying to figure out who is on the other end and what that unseen party is saying. Yet in many cases it is especially important for us to try to hear “the other end” so that we know what our passage is a response to.
One further point here. The occasional nature
of the epistles also means that they are not
first of all theological treatises, nor are they summaries of Paul’s or
Peter’s theology. There is theology implied, but it is always “task theology”—
theology being written for or brought to bear on the task at hand. This is true
even of Romans, which is a fuller and more systematic statement of Paul’s
theology than one finds elsewhere. But it is only some of his theology; in this case it is theology born out of his
own special task as apostle to the Gentiles. It is his special struggle for Jew
and Gentile to become one people of God, based on grace alone and apart from
the law, that causes the discussion to take the special form it does in Romans
and that causes “justification” to be used there as the primary metaphor for
salvation. After all, the word “justify,” which predominates in Romans (fifteen
times) and Galatians (eight times), occurs only two other times in all of
Paul’s other letters (1 Cor 6: 11; Titus 3: 7). Thus one will go to the
Epistles again and again for Christian theology; they are loaded with it. But
one must always keep in mind that they were not primarily written to expound
Christian theology. It is always theology applied to or directed toward a
particular need.
Fee, Gordon D.; Stuart, Douglas (2009-10-14). How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth (Kindle Locations 980-1003). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.
Fee, Gordon D.; Stuart, Douglas (2009-10-14). How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth (Kindle Locations 980-1003). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.

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